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COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of individuals, particularly young adults. Using the ‘strength and difficulty questionnaire 17+ extended version', we studied the severity of psychological problems and the resultant distress in young adults;the relationship between the ‘difficulty' and ‘impact' scores;and the effect of distress in terms of a number of day-to-day activities affected during a pandemic. Data was collected from 743 college/university students (December 2020-February 2021) in India. Descriptive, relative frequencies, and nonparametric tests are applied here. Females were facing more psychological behavioral problems as compared to males as the p-value is less than 0.001. Males with age<20 years were least affected by COVID-19. Day-to-day activities are affected by almost 45% of young adults because of distress. ‘difficulty' and ‘impact' severity bands were significantly different from the previous standard proportions. No significant association was there between ‘difficulty' and ‘impact' scores (p-value<0.001). 53% of those contracting COVID-19 had severe distress as against 45% of those who did not. 46% of the respondents were in the ‘abnormal' category and 59 out of 327 were facing 'a great deal' problems in more than two areas. © 2023, Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Introduction Respiratory extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is well established and its popularity has increased during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) time. The efficacy of ECMO has been proved in refractory respiratory failure with varied etiology. More than 85,000 respiratory ECMO cases (neonatal, pediatric, adult) registered as per Extracorporeal Life support Organization (ELSO) statistics April 2022 report, with survived to discharge or transfer ranging from 58 to 73%. Early initiation of ECMO is usually associated with shorter ECMO run and better outcome. Many patient factors have been associated with mortality while on ECMO. Pre-ECMO patient pH and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (paCO2) have been associated with poor outcome. We designed a retrospective study from a single tertiary care center and analyzed our data of all respiratory ECMO (neonatal, pediatric, and adult) to understand the effect of pre ECMO, paCO2, and arterial pH to ECMO outcome. Methods It is a retrospective analysis of data collected of patients with acute respiratory failure managed on ECMO from January 2010 to December 2021. Pre-ECMO (1-6 hours before initiation), paCO2, and arterial pH level were noted and analyzed with primary and secondary outcome. Primary outcome goal was survivor and discharged home versus nonsurvivor, while secondary goal was the number of ECMO days and incidence of neurological complications. The statistical analysis was done for primary outcome and incidences of neurological complications and p-value obtained by using chi-squared method. Meta-analysis was done by classifying the respiratory ECMO cases in three major category-COVID-19, H1N1 non-COVID-19, and H1N1 respiratory failure. Results The total 256 patients of respiratory failure were treated with ECMO during specified period by Riddhi Vinayak Multispecialty Hospital ECMO team. Data analysis of 251 patients (5 patients were transferred for lung transplant, hence been not included in study) done. Patients were divided on the basis of pH level less than 7.2 and more than 7.2 and analyzed for primary and secondary outcome. Similarly, patients were divided on the basis of paCO2 level of less than 45 and more than 45. Patient with pre-ECMO pH level more than 7.2 has statistically better survived extracorporeal life support (ECLS) (p-value: 0.008) and survival to discharge home (p-value: 0.038) chances. Pre-ECMO paCO2 level of less than 45 also showed better survival chance of survived ECLS (46.67 vs. 36.02) and survived to discharge home (42.22 vs. 31.06) but not statistically significant (p-value: 0.15 and 0.18, respectively). There was no significant difference in average number of ECMO days in patient survived to discharge home with paCO2 less than 45 and more than 45 (15.7 vs. 11.1 days), and also in pH more than 7.2 and pH less than 7.2 (15.8 vs. 11.6). The incidence of neurological complications was also found lower in patient with pH more than 7.2 (7.5 vs. 17.3%, p-value: 0.034) and in paCO2 level of less than 45 (4.4 vs. 12.65, p-value: 0.15). Conclusion Pre-ECMO arterial pH of more than 7.2 (statistically significant) and paCO2 of less than 45 (statistically not significant) have definitely better survival chances and have lesser incidences of neurological complications. There was no significance difference in the number of ECMO days in either group. Authors recommends early initiation of ECMO for mortality and morbidity benefits.
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Background: Covid-19 has become a global threat. All most all the countries are facing this pandemic. This pandemic has greatly affected the medical education and medical students who are tomorrow's doctors. So, they need to have a wide awareness regarding the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards this Covid-19 infection. Objective: To study the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical students regarding the Covid-19 pandemic. Material and Method: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 260 medical students of J.L.N. Medical College, Ajmer (Rajasthan). A total of 20 questionnaires in which, 10 in the knowledge section, 5 each in the attitude and practice section, were provided in July - August, 2021. Results: A total of 260 responses were collected and studied. The male to female ratio in the study population was 0.91. A total of 54.46% of students gave correct responses regarding the knowledge section. 87.31% of students show a positive attitude towards vaccination. Overall positivity regarding attitude was 76.61%. 95 % of Students were proactive regarding washing their hands, and 96.53% were proactive about face masks which are the important measures for the prevention of Covid-19 infection. Conclusion: This study focused the knowledge, attitude and practice (K.A.P.) of medical students regarding Covid-19 pandemic. Overall K.A.P. score was 75.92%, indicating that medical students have good awareness regarding this pandemic. However some students are required to be more educated on knowledgeable sections such as various diagnostic methods for Covid-19 and practices on proper disposal of N-95 masks etc.
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Mutual funds are treated as a vehicle of investment which is suitable for the all-age groups of investors who want to take good return from their investment and are ready to bear risk. Equity Mutual Funds are those where funds are invested in equity shares of various companies. This research paper is an attempt to understand investor's perception towards Equity Mutual Fund schemes during Covid-19 and to study and analyze various factors influencing investor's perception. A survey was conducted via questionnaire and primary data was collected from 120 respondents from Pune city. It was found that there is an impact of Covid-19 situation on investor's investment in Equity Mutual Fund schemes and it depends upon risk, fixed rate of return, SIP mode, company's past track record, higher return, liquidity, tax saving option, sector wise and size of the equity mutual fund played important role. This study also suggests what kind of steps are needed to build up the investor's confidence in Equity Mutual Funds schemes while investing during the outbreak of Covid-19 situation. © The Electrochemical Society
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In today's world face detection is the most important task. Due to the chromosomes disorder sometimes a human face suffers from different abnormalities. In the recent scenario, the entire globe is facing enormous health risks occurred due to Covid-19. To fight against this deadly disease, consumption of drugs is essential. Consumption of drugs may provide some abnormalities to human face. For example, one eye is bigger than the other, cliff face, different chin-length, variation of nose length, length or width of lips are different, etc. To assess these human face abnormalities, the application of computer vision is favoured in this study. This work analyses an input image of human's frontal face and performs a segregation method to separate the abnormal faces. In this research work, a method has been proposed that can detect normal or abnormal faces from a frontal input image due to COVID-19. This method has used Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) and Discrete Cosine Transformation offrequency domain and spatialdomain analysis to detect those faces.
ABSTRACT
Rationale: COVID-19 hospitalizations continue to surge rapidly throughout the world. Given the high morbidity and mortality and prolonged duration of illness experienced by patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19, shortages of ventilators are expected. In New York State, the Crisis Standards of Care guidelines were codified by the New York State Taskforce on Life and the Law in the 2015 Ventilator Triage Guidelines (NYS guidelines). These guidelines outline clinical criteria for triage, including exclusion criteria and stratification of patients using the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. We aimed to estimate the excess mortality that would be associated with implementation of triage processes using this protocol. Methods: We included all 5,028 patients who were admitted with COVID-19 in three acute care hospitals at a single academic medical center in the Bronx from March 1, 2020 to May 27, 2020 during the peak of the pandemic surge in New York City. Importance sampling was used to estimate the likelihood of patient trajectories under the NYS guidelines and estimate survival rates. Pessimistic and optimistic estimations were derived to account for potential unobserved confounders. Overall estimated survival was then calculated over a range of hypothetical ventilator shortages (e.g. if it has not been possible to acquire the additional ventilators that were procured in the Spring) from 85-100% availability of the total ventilator capacity of these facilities. Results: The average age of the sample was 64.2 (SD 16.2) and 47% were female. The observed survival rate was 74.16%. A total of 721 patients (14%) required mechanical ventilation during admission. If there has been a ventilator shortfall with ventilator capacity at 85% and the NYS guidelines were enacted in this setting, the estimated survival would be between 70.3% (pessimistic estimation) and 71.5% (optimistic estimation) (Figure 1). Conclusions: A shortfall of ventilators at 85% ventilator capacity requiring implementation of the NYS guidelines triage protocol would have resulted in 2.7-3.9% excess mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the pandemic surge, or 134-194 additional deaths. This study is limited by the exclusion of COVID-19 negative patients, who would be in the triage pool in an actual triage situation. Future directions include using this data set to compare NYS guideline performance to other triage strategies including first-come first-served and random allocation to better understand the utility of SOFA score-based triage strategies.
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The coronavirus (COVID-19) has already left its footprints over vast geography worldwide and the rest of the globe is also under a big threat to this ongoing pandemic. Its effect can be felt amongst every sector of the economic ecosystem, and one of the most severely affected components is the food sector. The impact of COVID-19 on food supply chains (FSCs), especially agriculture, has created grave concerns for food security globally. This paper presents a perspective on future FSCs and the predicted outcomes which are likely to occur post COVID-19 based on the plans, reviews of critical reports, and information made available to date. The food industry needs unprecedented safety, technology & policy-measures to shine again and to manage the supply chain operations. In this highly-connected world, technological innovations and improvisations will create more resilient and sustainable food supply chains. Further, key production and distribution challenges are also highlighted. © 2020 Kharazmi University. All rights reserved.
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On 11th February 2020, Corona-virus was declared as a disease, COVID-19, by the World Health Organization (WHO). In December 2019, China became the first country to report its first case of COVID-19. The novel Corona-virus started spreading at an uncontrollable pace across the world and was therefore declared as a Pandemic disease in March 2020 by the WHO. In this manuscript, the India's epidemic situation with total no. of days as 242, starting from 13th January till 10th of September 2020 is being predicted. The 5-PL model is used to predict the reported data. Nonlinear regression techniques in MATLAB to predict the parameters. In an attempt to do so, it has been observed that the prediction seems to be quite close to the actual on ground situation. This will certainly help the decision makers in implementing improved strategic decision making to counteract, and restrict the spread of the COVID -19.